Sore Eyes (Conjunctivitis)

Viral conjunctivitis or "sore eyes" is usually caused by a virus that can also cause the common cold. It is highly contagious and is spread by hand-to-eye transmission, usually upon touching objects that have come into contact with the infected person's eye secretions or tears.

The most common symptoms of viral conjunctivitis include redness, tearing, and a burning, sandy, or gritty feeling in one eye. The second eye usually becomes infected within 24 to 48 hours.  Proper hygiene and strict hand washing can help prevent the spread of the infection. It is better to use tissue instead of handkerchiefs to wipe the eye and to dispose of them immediately. Younger children, who may not remember to wash their hands or avoid touching their eyes, should probably not attend school until the discharge has resolved. Older children or adults may choose to attend school/work, but they should limit close contact with others. 

There is no cure for viral conjunctivitis. It is self-limiting, usually lasting 7-10 days, but with some amount of variability depending on the viral strain. Recovery begins after several days, although the symptoms frequently will become worse for the first three to five days followed by gradual improvement over the following one to two weeks. 

Treatment is aimed at reducing discomfort, as there is no definitive medication against the viral infection. Cold compresses and artificial tears are used for symptomatic relief. Using breastmilk and urine on the eye are common myths that should be avoided because these may cause secondary bacterial infection (e.g. Gonorrhea, Chlamydia). 

Patients should avoid self-medication with over-the-counter eye drops particularly those with steroids, which can cause complications such as glaucoma if used without medical supervision. Patients are strongly advised to consult an ophthalmologist for proper diagnosis and treatment. 

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